Don't trust Chrome's inspector to "take" any changes you make on this input box. Here's some CSS for styling the search box that Blogger gives you.
input.gsc-input {
padding-left: 8px;
padding-right: 8px;
padding-top: 8px;
padding-bottom: 8px;
border-style: solid;
border-width: 1px;
border-color: #BCCDF0;
width: 99%;
font-size: 1.5em;
font-family: "Yanone Kaffeesatz";
}
And for the "search" button:
.gsc-search-button {position: absolute; right: 0; top: 40px; height: 30px; width: 100px;}
Here's my CSS for the search title:
#CustomSearch1 h2.title {color: white;}